Unit Conversions

Identities

All conversion factors are exact. Expressions have been used to ensure that precision can be maintained where required. Please report any errors.

• Length
• Area
• Mass
• Density = (Mass / Volume) and Volume-referenced Grade
• Mass-referenced Grade
• Tonnage Factor (TF)

Densities and Tonnage Factors

Specific gravity (SG) = ratio of density to that of water at 4^oC  (1000 kg/m³  = 1 t/m³ = 1 g/cm³ = 28,316,846.592 / 453,592.370 lb/ft³ = approx. 62.4279606 lb/ft³)

Relative density (RD) = ratio of density to that of reference material, typically water at 4^oC.

Specific Gravity, Density and Tonnage Factor

Specific gravity (SG) is a ratio equivalent in magnitude to the density expressed in tonnes per cubic metre (t/m³), or grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm³)

Tonnage factor, TF = ( 1 / SG ) m³/t = 0.90718474 / ( 0.3048³ * SG ) ft³/sh tn

Volume-Referenced Grades

Volume-referenced grades are typically used for alluvial deposits. They are specified using the same units as density.

With the exception of those which are dimensionless (including parts per million and percentages), when calculating masses based on volume-referenced grades, the density should NOT be included. For the avoidance of doubt where density values are requested, set Density = 1 to remove its effect.